The only primary accents that can appear on an initial vocal shewa (IVS) are prepositives. And they’re not really “on” that IVS anyway. They’re just on a word that happens to start with an IVS. I.e., they need a stress helper in such cases. (Whether they get that helper varies from edition to edition.)
Speaking of helpers: a helper for a postpostive cannot appear on an IVS. So, we can say that no accent marking the primary stress ever appears on an IVS. This makes sense since the primary stress is never on an IVS. But what about accents not marking the primary stress? Do they ever appear on an IVS?
The answer, is yes, but rarely. In the Hebrew Bible dataset called MAM (Miqra According to the Masorah), there are 21 cases where either tsinnorit or oleh appear on an IVS. (13 of these 21 have oleh; the remaining 8 have tsinnorit.) They are shown in the table below. Unless otherwise indicated, all references are to verses in Psalms. (There is one reference to a verse in Proverbs, Pr 30:9.).
| 1 | 32:6 | מְ֫צֹ֥א | ||
| 2 | 68:5 | שְׁ֫מ֥וֹ | 72:17 | |
| 1 | 68:24 | בְּ֫דָ֥ם | ||
| 1 | 72:15 | שְׁ֫בָ֥א | ||
| 1 | 142:8 | אֶת־שְׁ֫מֶ֥ךָ | ||
| 2 | 27:14 | אֶל־יְ֫הֹוָ֥ה | DN-A | 130:7 |
| 4 | 84:3 | יְ֫הֹוָ֥ה | DN-A | 85:9, 142:6, Pr 30:9 |
| 1 | 104:1 | אֶת־יְ֫הֹוָ֥ה | DN-A | |
| 7 | 80:20 | יְ֘הֹוָ֤ה | DN-A | 81:11, 84:9, 96:10, 99:5, 99:9, 106:47 |
| 1 | 109:21 | יֱ֘הֹוִ֤ה | DN-E |
Ignoring prefixes אֶת־ and אֶל־ yields the following:
| 1 | 32:6 | מְ֫צֹ֥א | ||
| 2 | 68:5 | שְׁ֫מ֥וֹ | 72:17 | |
| 1 | 68:24 | בְּ֫דָ֥ם | ||
| 1 | 72:15 | שְׁ֫בָ֥א | ||
| 1 | 142:8 | שְׁ֫מֶ֥ךָ | ||
| 7 | 27:14 | יְ֫הֹוָ֥ה | DN-A | 84:3, 85:9, 104:1, 130:7, 142:6, Pr 30:9 |
| 7 | 80:20 | יְ֘הֹוָ֤ה | DN-A | 81:11, 84:9, 96:10, 99:5, 99:9, 106:47 |
| 1 | 109:21 | יֱ֘הֹוִ֤ה | DN-E |
(For general info about these accents, see my document, “About Tsinnorit & Oleh.”)
Note that all 8 of the tsinnorit cases and 7 of the 13 oleh cases are on the divine name יהוה. Of these 15 divine name cases, 14 are of type “DN-A” (divine name pointed as Adonai) and one is of type “DN-E” (divine name pointed as Elohim).
To summarize, when an accent appears on IVS it is either:
But what about a vocal shewa that is not initial? What accents, if any, can appear on that? The answer is: none, except for a misplaced tsinnorit that is seen in Psalm 32:5 ועוני in some editions. (See my document, “Tsinnorit in Psalm 32:5 ועוני.”)